To the original failure:
Oh how many times I have wished that dealers and manufacturers would disclose to purchasers of a new to them machine, that an ATV/SXS transmission is not like that of a car in which going very slowly can be done for as long as the operator wishes, using its torque converter, without any harm done.
In a car the torque converter just pushes oil around and nothing wears. In an ATV, take off from a standstill and going slower than 'lockup' means that something is wearing, either the centrifugal clutch in the case of constant tension CVT or the belt itself in the case of the dry clutch design. I'm not sure which this 600 has.
I think this machine's original failure was from heat developed from going very slowly against high resistance. Not your fault if no one ever told you, but when the operator goes slow and particularly also imposes a load and does work with an ATV, especially in high range, that's overworking and abusing the mechanism that's made to permit it to get from a standstill to the speed at which the CVT is fully locked. (maybe @ 15+ MPH in high range, half that in low).
In an automatic tranny equipped car you can creep all day in a traffic jam and nothing is harmed, but not on an ATV/SXS. Something wears to get you up to speed and when creeping, the CVT develops heat much faster than the fan and air ducting system can evacuate it.
The subsequent damage I'd guess appears to be from incorrect assembly of the CVT when that was done with new parts. I'm not familiar with the 600 to tell what exactly is needed now.
Sorry you had this happen.