Odd. I would jack up the front end and make sure you have equal turning range in both directions.
If it skipped a tooth, the steering wheel would no longer be straight/in the same position as it was previously. That's also true if something bent. Since the steering geometry was changed when then the toe was adjusted, you can no longer tell.
These steering boxes have plastic spacers inside the boots (one each side) that acts as a stop to limit the steering angle. These spacers float on the rack shaft unsecured. The space they fit into is tighter on one side (3 crimps). I can imagine that if one of these spacers floated out and then caught the edge of the casing on the way back in, that it could limit steering on one side at the point it was stuck. I could also imaging the spacer letting go of the edge and the steering range going back to normal.
I would check the play on each side of the rack. If there is little to no play, I would highly doubt that it skipped a tooth. If there is a lot of play, it's time to replace the rack.